Polarized signal receiver system

ABSTRACT

A rotatable polarized signal receiver in a system for receiving linearly polarized electromagnetic signals includes a signal conductor having a receiver probe portion, oriented in a circular waveguide parallel to the polarization of the incident signal, and signal launch probe portion extending into the rectangular waveguide orthogonal to the direction of signal transmission therein, mounted concentrically in an insulator rod through perpendicular coupling of the circular and rectangular waveguides.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In satellite retransmission of communication signals, two linearlypolarized signals, rotated 90 degrees from each other, are used. In lessexpensive installations for receiving such signals, the feed horn forthe receiving system is installed with the orientation parallel to thedesired signal polarization. The other polarization is not detected andis simply reflected back out of the feed horn. For more expensiveinstallations, the entire feed horn and low noise amplifier system ismounted on a rotator similar to the type used on home televisionantennas to select the desired signal polarization.

While the above-mentioned system are cost effective, they aremechanically cumbersome and limit system performance. Other prior artsignal polarization rotators electrically rotate the signal field in aferrite media. While such rotators eliminate the mechanical clumsinessof the above-described rotators, they are expensive and introduceadditional signal losses (approximate 0.2 DB) into the receiving system.See, for example, such an electronic antennae rotator marketed under thetrade name "Luly Polarizer" by Robert A. Luly Associates, P.O. Box 2311,San Bernardino, CA.

The present invention eliminates the mechanical disadvantages of severalprior art rotators and eliminates signals losses associated with otherprior art rotators. A signal detector constructed according to theprinciples of the present invention comprises a transmission line havinga signal receiver probe portion ("RP portion") and a signal launch probeportion ("LP portion") mounted in dielectric rod at the one end of acircular waveguide and a rectangular waveguide perpendicularly coupledto the circular waveguide. The RB portion of the transmission linedetects polarized incoming signals in the circular waveguide and the LPportion launches the detected signal into the rectangular waveguide fortransmission to a low noise amplifier ("LNA").

In the preferred embodiment, the transmission line, by its coupling tothe insulator rod, may be rotated continuously and selectively by aservo motor mounted on the waveguide assembly. As the RP portion rotatesto receive the desired signal, the LP portion also rotates. However, thelaunched signal or the signal received at the LNA is unaffected becauserotation of the LP portion is about its axis of symmetry in therectangular waveguide. The RP portion in the circular waveguide rotatesbetween the two orthogonally polarized signals impinging on the feedhorn. By rotation to the desired polarization, that signal is receivedand the other reflected. The selected signal is then conducted along thetransmission line to the rear wall of the circular waveguide portion ofthe feed horn and is launched into the rectangular waveguide by the LPportion.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art waveguide assembly withan internal rotating signal detector.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a waveguide assembly with internalrotating signal detector constructed according to the principles of thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a waveguide assembly and internalrotating signal detector of FIG. 2 further including a feed horn.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring first to FIG. 1, prior art mechanical internal rotating signalreceivers provided low impedances coaxial transmission line through theback of the circular waveguide at 6 to LP portion 7. However, RP portion5 of transmission line 9 presents an incorrect impedance to the incidentsignal, because the energy is coupled from the high impedance end of RPportion 5 at 4 by transmission line portion 9 and the low impedance endof RP portion 5 is open circuited. Thus, the transmission line and RPportion impedance present in this configuration are reversed foreffective detection of an incident wave.

Referring now to FIG. 2, one embodiment of the present inventioncomprises circular waveguide 10 perpendicularly coupled to rectangularwaveguide 22 and including signal conductor 12 fixedly mounted ininsulator 20. Signal conductor 12 includes RP portion 13 orientedorthogonal to the axis of symmetry of circular waveguide 10, portion 18extending into, and orthogonal to the axis of, waveguide 22, and coupledto RP portion 13 by conductor portions 16. Signal conductor 12 istypically constructed of a single, continuous homogeneous electricalconductor wherein RP portion 13 is approximately one-quarter wavelengthlong and transmission line portions 16 form a transmission line in thesame manner that any single wire above a ground plane becomes atransmission line. The portion of signal conductor 12, extending throughthe rear wall of round waveguide 10 at 6, forms a low impedance coaxialtransmission line. LP portion 18 launches the detected signal intorectangular waveguide 22.

Insulator 20, constructed of polystyrene or other suitable dielectricrod, provides mounting for signal conductor 12, electrical insulation ofthe line from the walls of waveguides 10 and 22, and for selectiverotation of signal conductor 12 about its axis of symmetry. Since signalconductor 12 is concentric with axis of rotation of insulator 20,rotation of insulator 20 about its axis rotates LP portion 18, whichcorrespondingly rotates RP portion 13 orthogonally about the axis ofsymmetry of waveguide 10. RP portion 13 is thereby oriented to thepolarity of the desired incident signal for detection.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. Inthis configuration, circular waveguide 10 is coaxially coupled to feedhorn 8 at one end and perpendicularly coupled to rectangular waveguide22 at the other end. As in the configuration of FIG. 2, signal conductor12 is coupled to insulator 20, which is coupled to servo motor 17 forpositioning. Servo motor 17 is usually the same as or similar to servomotors used in remotely controlled model aircraft for control surfacemovement. Obviously, with the addition of servo motor 17, operation ofthe detector system may be remotely controlled from the operator'scontrol panel. Feed horn 8 is of the type described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 271,815, filed June 8, 1981. It could be also be ofany other suitable type such as described in U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 271,130, now abandoned or the U.S. patent application Ser. No.292,509 entitled "Improved feed Horn for Reflector Antennae" filed Aug.13, 1981, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,014.

The direction of signals transmitted in waveguide 22 is orthogonal tothe direction of signals transmitted in waveguide 10. This configurationfacilitates the simplicity of the present invention, since launching ofsignals into waveguide 22 is insensitive to rotation of LP portion 18,which rotation directly results from rotation of RP portion 13 necessaryto select the desired signal.

LP portion 18 is capable of launching the detected signal into anotherwaveguide of any shape or into coaxial cable transmission line. Thus, asthe transmission line 12 rotates, RP portion 13 rotates orthogonally to,and LP portion 18 rotates concentrically with the axis of symmetry ofthe round waveguide. As the RP portion aligns with the desired linearlypolarized signal present in the circular waveguide, the signal isdetected and conducted along the transmission line to the LP portion,which launches the detected signal. As stated earlier in thisspecification, the launched signal or the signal received at the LNA(not shown) is unaffected by the orientation of RP portion 13 because LPportion 18 rotates about its axis of symmetry and such rotation retainsthe relative position of LP portion 18 with waveguide 22.

I claim:
 1. A polarized signal receiver comprising:a first waveguide fortransmitting polarized signals; a circular waveguide for receivingpolarized signals at one end and coupled to the first waveguide at theother end, said other end having a rear wall; an insulator rod,rotatably mounted through said other end of the circular waveguide; andsignal conducting means, fixedly mounted in the insulator rod concentricwith the axis of rotation thereof having a receiver probe portionoriented in the circular waveguide orthogonal to the axis of saidcircular waveguide for receiving one polarization of the incidentsignal, a launch probe portion concentric with the insulator rod andextending into the first waveguide for launching said signal therein,and a transmission line portion, having a first section contoured to theinside surface of the circular wall, and substantially parallel to theaxis, of the circular waveguide, and having a second section contouredto the inside surface, and substantially parallel to the plane, of therear wall of the circular waveguide, for connecting the receiver probeportion to the launch probe portion.
 2. A polarized signal receiver asin claim 1 further includinga feed horn for receiving incident polarizedsignals, coaxially coupled to said one end of the circular waveguide. 3.A polarized signal receiver as in claim 1 further including remotelycontrollable motor means coupled to the insulator rod for selectivelyrotating the signal conducting means mounted therein.
 4. A polarizedsignal receiver as in claim 1 or 2 wherein the inside surfaces of therear and circular walls of the circular waveguide form waveguide wallsand the ground plane element of the transmission line portion.
 5. Apolarized signal receiver as in claim 1 or 2 wherein the launch probe isorthogonal to the direction of signal transmission in the firstwaveguide.
 6. A polarized signal receiver as in claim 1 or 2 wherein thefirst waveguide is a rectangular waveguide.
 7. A polarized signalreceiver as in claim 1 or 2 wherein the first waveguide is a circularwaveguide.
 8. A polarized signal receiver as in claim 1 or 2 wherein thefirst waveguide is a square waveguide.
 9. A polarized signal receiver asin claim 1 or 2 wherein the first waveguide is an elliptical waveguide.10. A polarized signal receiver as in claim 1 or 2 wherein the signalconducting means is a single continuous electrical conductor.
 11. Apolarized signal receiver as in claim 1 or 3 wherein the receiver probeportion is approximately one-quarter waveguide long.
 12. A polarizedsignal receiver as in claim 1 or 3 wherein the signal conducting meansis selectably rotatable to orient the receiver probe for receivingdifferent polarizations of incident signal.
 13. A polarized signalreceiver as in claim 12 wherein the impedance of the launch probe andtransmission line portions is substantially unaffected by theorientation of the receiver probe portion around the axis of thecircular waveguide.
 14. A polarized signal receiver as in claim 1wherein the first and second sections of the transmission line portionand the launch probe portion all have substantially uniform impedance atthe frequency of the signal received.
 15. A polarized signal receiver asin claim 1 wherein said first section of the transmission line portionis generally parallel to the axis and near the surface of the circularwall of the circular waveguide and said second section of thetransmission line portion is generally parallel to the plane, and nearthe surface, of the rear wall of the circular waveguide, said circularwaveguide walls forming the ground plane of said transmission lineportion. .Iadd.
 16. A polarized signal receiver comprising:first andsecond waveguides adapted to enable propagation therein along theirrespective longitudinal axes of signals comprised of polarized electricfields within a predetermined range of frequencies; a launch probe insaid first waveguide and a receiver probe in said second waveguide, eachsaid probe oriented substantially normal to the direction of propagationof the signal comprised of the electric field in the respectivewaveguide; and a conductive element interconnecting said probes andentering said second waveguide in one direction through a point of entrysurrounded by a first interior wall surface, said first interior wallsurface facing in said one direction, said conductive element having afirst portion displaced laterally from said point of entry to overliesaid first interior wall surface and extending toward a second interiorwall surface to a point closer to said second interior wall surface thanto said point of entry, said conducting element having a second portionoverlying said second interior wall surface, said second interior wallsurface facing inwardly of said second waveguide in a directiondifferent than said one direction, said conductive element cooperatingwith each of said interior wall surfaces as the ground plane thereforsuch that said conductive element and said interior wall surfacesconstitute a single wire above a ground plane transmission line withinsaid second waveguide for said predetermined range of frequencies..Iaddend. .Iadd.17. The polarized signal receiver of claim 16 in whichsaid second portion of said conductive element extends generally in thedirection of the longitudinal axis of said second waveguide andconductively couples said first portion and said receiver probe..Iadd.18. The polarized signal receiver of claim 16 in which said firstinterior wall surface comprises an end wall of said second waveguide andsaid second interior wall surface comprises a sidewall of said secondwaveguide, said point of entry for said conductive element beingsubstantially the center of said end wall. .Iaddend. .Iadd.19. Thepolarized signal receiver of claim 16 in which said conductive elementand said probes are rotatable. .Iadd.20. The polarized signal receiverof claim 16 in which said probes are arranged in a plane containing thelongitudinal axis of said second waveguide. .Iaddend. .Iadd.21. Thepolarized signal receiver of claim 16 in which said receiver probe isopen circuited and terminates in proximity to said longitudinal axis ofsaid second waveguide. .Iadd.22. The polarized signal receiver of claim16 in which the length of said first portion of said conductive elementis substantially equal to the length of said receiver probe. .Iadd.23. Apolarized signal receiver comprising: first and second waveguidesadapted to enable propagation therein along their respectivelongitudinal axes of signals comprised of polarized electric fields,said second waveguide having an end wall and a sidewall; a launch probein said first waveguide and a receiver probe in said second waveguide,each of said probes oriented substantially normal to the direction ofpropagation of the signal comprised of the polarized electric field inits corresponding waveguide; and a conductive element passing throughsaid end wall and interconnecting said probes, said element beingdisplaced toward said sidewall and having a first section which overliessaid end wall and a second section which is coupled to said firstsection at a point closer to said sidewall than to the longitudinal axisof said second waveguide, said second section extending over saidsidewall generally in the direction of said longitudinal axis andconductively coupling said first section and said receiver probe so thatsaid conductive element together with said end wall and sidewall actingas the ground plane for said conductive element constitute a single wireabove a ground plane transmission line within said second waveguide..Iaddend.